In some cases, a child's hearing loss may be caused by a condition such as an ear infection. Such hearing loss is temporary, and usually clears once the underlying condition is effectively treated with techniques such as medication therapy or surgery.

However, some forms of hearing loss are permanent. Early treatment of such hearing problems is crucial to long-term prognosis. Children who are treated by the age of 6 months usually develop language skills that are up to the level of their peers.

In many cases, a child with a hearing deficiency may require a hearing aid. This is an instrument that consists of a microphone, amplifier and receiver. Hearing aids are available in various styles. Some are placed in or behind the ear, while others are worn on the body. If the hearing loss affects both ears, two hearing aids likely will be suggested.

The major drawback of hearing aids is expense. They can cost several hundred dollars each, and this cost often is not covered by insurance. Families who cannot afford such costs may be eligible for government aid that can help with the expense of hearing aids.

Some children benefit from a specialized amplification device known as an FM system. This instrument helps a child to hear well in a noisy environment (e.g., school). Other children may benefit from learning to lip-read or from listening therapy or other types of auditory training.

Children who have profound hearing loss that cannot be helped by hearing aids may benefit from a cochlear implant. This helps transmit sound past the damaged cochlea directly to the nerve of hearing.